Worked example
Three tenfold steps from 1,000 µM produce 100, 10, and 1 µM. For a 1 mL mixed volume, each step transfers 0.1 mL into 0.9 mL diluent.
Assumptions and limitations
The mixed volume shown is before onward transfer. Earlier tubes retain less after transfer. Account separately for pipetting limits, mixing, dead volume, and material needed for replicates.
For educational and informational use. Not for patient care or safety-critical decisions. Check the relevant protocol and qualified guidance.
Reference and calculation checks
OpenStax Microbiology: Serial dilutions. The reference explains the underlying method; it does not endorse Toollinks.
Implementation checked October 19, 2026 using automated examples, unit conversion checks, and invalid-input checks. These checks do not certify a laboratory protocol. Read our calculation standards or report a reproducible issue to [email protected].